Volkswagen Polo Product

Presentation The Volkswagen Group is one of the world’s biggest vehicle producers. In particular, the gathering is positioned third in the whole world in the car industry.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Volkswagen Polo Product explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The gathering has a few branches over the world and their advertising correspondence methodologies in these areas are affected by an interesting buyer conduct culture of each market district. In addition, the gathering has proactively moved fruitful showcasing techniques that arrange the focused on advertise portions and formation of significant promotion messages that legitimately and decidedly improve their deals. A few showcasing specialized apparatuses and various media have been utilized by the gathering over its branches which work autonomously of the mother organization. The treatise will endeavor to unequivocally survey distinctive promoting correspondence approaches that the Group has received in China and the United Kingdom branches through shopper conduct and showcasing correspondence hypothetical viewpoints for the Volkswagen Polo item. The paper closes by offering suggestions to make the present promoting correspondence techniques for the Volkswagen Polo item increasingly viable. Global Marketing Strategies of Volkswagen Polo Product in China Volkswagen China Group Market Segmentation system In the item showcase, way of life characterizes the exercises customers are engaged with, convictions, sentiment, wellbeing viewpoints, and premiums. As characterized in the ‘Activities, Interest, and Opinion promoting model’, way of life straightforwardly directs buying conduct and inclination (Anbu Mavuso 2012).Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chinese populace comprises of many center pay families who have kept on being progres sively aware of expenses and manageability of vehicles they buy (Fields 2010). In particular, the cosmopolitan Shanghai city has an agreeable level of high market customers who have completely grasped Volkswagen Polo brand on account of its moderateness when contrasted with other vehicle models. In addition, they will in general partner with modernity and have cash to spend. The center and high social classes of customers are the key objective this item. These gatherings are squanderers in car, particularly those that guarantee one of a kind perspectives and have novel highlights, for example, those consolidated in the Chinese Volkswagen models (Ashtiani et al. 2011). As the issue of the requirement for wellbeing and green living infiltrate vehicle industry, Chinese customers have progressively developed timid from ecological hostile car to cordial cars that are proficient. The objective gathering has a curious purchasing rationale in the Volkswagen Polo item since the organization joined the parts of green living in this car model that rhyme with the moderate culture of the Chinese (Fornell 2002). In addition, a decent level of deals in China are produced by referrals from fulfilled clients who went about as promoting specialists for the organization on the parts of reasonableness, productivity, and unwavering quality of the Volkswagen models. The presentation of progressively proficient advances has empowered development of lighter, more affordable, and all the more remarkable Volkswagen Polo brands, for example, the one of a kind Golf brand for the Chinese market.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Volkswagen Polo Product explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More subsequently, there has been a worldwide ascent in the diversion of driving the Gold model and the use of a model, for example, sport utility for the youthful consumers’ section (Farris, Neil, Pfeifer 2010). The objective market for the new Golf brand in China is singular clients, government offices, and military units. Nonetheless, it is significant that every one of the objective clients referenced is one of a kind and has diverse promoting and valuing techniques that can be balanced in agreement to winning economic situations in China. Selling the Volkswagen marks in China is done utilizing the roundabout strategy circulation channel; be that as it may, alert has been taken to guarantee that mediators are limited. Limiting the mediators is basic in guaranteeing benefit amplification and that purchasers are not cheated since each go between charges an additional benefit or commission for the merchandise they sell (Hardester 2010). Ad messages Advertisements are extremely manipulative and use strategies that straightforwardly and automatically offer to the psyche of the objective individual. Regardless of numbness of the equivalent and doubt of their belongings, ads stay mind boggling and noteworthy in the selection of items possessed by a person. Ordinarily, notices request to memory or passionate reaction. Subsequently, it makes an inborn inspiration reaction that triggers the psyche to initiate connection, self-acknowledgment, and pretend network feeling. At long last, notices prevail with regards to speaking to feelings through profiting by predispositions and preferences of individuals (Freshwater, Sherwood, Drury 2006). Subsequently, the reaction to an ad will waste away from the fleeting trend procedure which stores pressure on the psyche to follow the see crowd.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Brilliantly, the triumphs of Volkswagen advancement messages are profoundly settled in the guideline of keeping solid and expert notoriety in trading thoughts and persuading clients. In this manner, through convenient intrigue to feelings and self-partiality, the Volkswagen China Group has understood that the human psyche is frequently slanted towards grasping the ‘perceived goodness’ and need to relate to ‘the ideal’ in the bundling of the Golf model as the third era green car in their TV notices (Hill Westbrook 2010). Strangely, these perspectives are unmistakably painted as impeccable in the different commercials about items and administrations using splendid and amazing correspondence topics, for example, the brands surpassing a tiger in a continuous race. These spring up recollections will effectively think back and incite an automatic reaction when seen in a promotion. For example, the Volkswagen China has to a great extent prevailing with regards to e xecuting this part of ‘jumping the queue’ in front of different contenders through noticeable and initiating gives all up the Chinese locale. After seeing the signs, the psyche will see them to have a place with the Volkswagen Company, independent of the physical topography right now. These commercials raised signs tries to prompt the visual mental part of an individual into a specific brand of the various brands of the car organization (Hill Ettenson 2005). Curiously, this methodology has demonstrated important on account of Volkswagen China Company, which has stayed prevailing because of observation individuals partner the notice signs with. Suitability of the promotion messages in China The commercial messages are exceptionally successful as far as consideration since they are finished with easy to comprehend scenes other than the warm red hues normal in the Chinese culture. The deliberately positioned foundation red shading in Volkswagen China commercial messages is an eye catcher related with ceremony, speed, and refinement (Keller 1998). What's more, the focused on watcher would quickly create interest to comprehend the emblematic significance of the Golf model surpassing the amazing tiger in a constant race. Subsequently, it makes a natural inspiration reaction that triggers the psyche to enact connection, self-acknowledgment, and fake network feeling towards the Volkswagen brands. At long last, these commercials prevail with regards to speaking to feelings through exploitation of inclinations and the center and high salary customers in China. The utilization of sparkling simplifications on an item or administration targets affecting the automatic desire in the brain, to relate to allure or glittery of the item as painted in bright notice. Frequently, a normal psyche would effectively be impacted by the splendor and appealing introduction. During the time spent interpreting this message, mind is really tuned towards tolerating the item as g reat and appealing (Holt Quelch 2009). Combined with demonstrated execution, a client would buy, for example, item dependent because of the glittery on the brain. Through the imagining formation of concurrent yet autonomously working needs to relate to allure, numerous Chinese clients have been influenced into purchasing the Volkswagen China’s request when buying vehicles. For example, the Golf and Polo have made legitimate statement that straightforwardly requests to positive feelings among the intended interest group of the tested out thought (Bowden 2009). Brilliantly, Volkswagen China Group has profited by supports through tributes from exceptional figures to advance deals. Authentically, in unpretentious distinction makes picture generalizing an ideal circumstance in the psyches of target people. Along these lines, when the picture of the client as anticipated in such an ad looks like the apparent fulfillment of a client, such a gathering would try to get to indistinguis hable advantages from use from demonstrated in the picture appeared. In the notice, the organization has disguised the requirement for uniqueness in show, space and conspicuousness to effectively trouble the brain into focusing on the Volkswagen marks in China (Mangram 2012). Through ad, the Volkswagen China Group has guaranteed that its likelihood of remarkable quality is multiplied, particularly on car marks that are seen as significant in day by day life, for example, the Golf model famous for its novel

Socialism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains Essay

Communism and Division Between the Public and the Private Domains - Essay Example Endless quandaries surfaced at first through communism that was later supplanted by the financial structures in the later years. Karl Marx clarifies that communism can be accomplished through network exertion and grassroots unrest framing a free endeavor that is alluded as the Dictatorship of the low class. Hann (1993) states that the assembly of the human studies and communism can show various profits for the general public and simultaneously help with assisting with understanding the term communism. At the point when one investigations the issues made by ethnographic records of the time present socialism one goes ahead grasp the essentialness of considering history; as it helps with underlining and seeing such issues that surfaced since the finish of Soviet Union and socialist domination in Eastern Europe. Before the arrangement of communist social orders the collective condo was a typical element of regular day to day existence that was without any separation constraining particular families to live respectively, sharing the household living space. This reality rehearsed by the Soviet residents has been intricately featured by Gerasimova (2002) and Buchli clarifying the adjustments in the arrangements of the private and open inhabitants in the Soviet history just as the relationship of their living spaces in winning lodging plans. The household obligations lay in the hands of ladies alone while men were accommodating to increasingly specialized work whether outside or inside the house. New social rules annihilated the private responsibility for plans in this manner offering ascend to open circles. The progressive Great Retreat in the 1930 brought principle change, when the mutual chain of importance fearlessly perceived the refined lifestyle and changed the limits between the private and open life. Other than Eastern Europe the People's Republic of China, the biggest nation in East Asia created itself as a communist state in 1949 while the Republic of Cuba, a nation in the Caribbean saw the Cuban Revolution that prompted the topple of the Dictator legislature of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July development and other progressive organizationsin 1959, and was proclaimed a communist state in 1961. Foucault (1991) watches the idea of government rehearses and the job of analysis; that goes about as a significant component to realize an adjustment in approach and accomplishments thus. He expresses that administrative exercises whether at present or in the past records have been changed to be progressively practical and reasonable throughout the years announcing it as a creative and refined target not a natural one. Different marvels happened in the communist and post communist Eastern Europe just as the entrepreneur West in particular the privatization, the development of the neo radicalism or the debilitating of the government assistance state which were later supplanted by the financial structures. Every individual from the general public from any semblance of officials and elites, to that of normal specialists, and business visionaries and workers confronted singular issues because of such ground-breaking upheavals. As likewise

Dysfunctional Behavior and Family Patterns

Dysfunctional Behavior and Family Patterns Basics Print Dysfunctional Behavior and Family Patterns By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Updated on February 18, 2020 SolStock/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The term dysfunctional is defined as abnormal or impaired functioning on the part of an individual person, between people in any sort of relationship, or amongst members of a family. Poor functioning refers to both behavior and relationships that arent working and have one or more negative, unhealthy aspects to them, such as poor communication or frequent conflict. This is a term used often by mental health professionals for interactions between people and is often used to describe any relationship in which there are significant problems or struggles. Dysfunctional relationships or situations are often the impetus for getting help in psychotherapy. Many families develop dysfunctional aspects when trying to cope with a troubled teen because family members are forced to adapt to the teens emotional or behavioral problems that impact them on a daily basis.?? Examples of Dysfunctional Behavior A troubled teen who expresses anger by hitting others??A teenage couple that deals with conflict by not speaking to each otherA family in which a parent is drinking daily and family members are afraid to talk about whats happeningA teenager with a dual-diagnosis who uses drugs to deal with their symptoms rather than deal with what is causing them Dysfunctional Family Patterns In dysfunctional families, there are a variety of patterns that can occur. Here are the most common: Parents or teens abuse alcohol and/or drugs??One or both parents have compulsive behavior, such as gambling or overworking, that leads to difficulties for the rest of the familyOne or both parents threaten or actually carry out violence that may or may not involve the children??One or both parents treat the children as possessions and as if the children are only around for the parents own personal needs or satisfactionOne parents treat the children as possessions to the point of not giving their children autonomy and exerting tight control over their livesOne or both parents are unable to provide or simply stop providing emotional and/or physical and financial support Many families have times when these patterns occur, but it is when they start to become the norm that dysfunction occurs. The Effects of Dysfunction on Children When dysfunctional patterns become the standard in a family, the detrimental effects on the children are significant and can be carried into their adult relationships. Some of the potentially damaging effects for children are: Having to take sides in a parental conflictActions of parents not matching their words, which causes a distorted reality??Being rejected or being favoredHaving rigid controls put over everything from who their friends are to how they dressHaving parents that are either way too involved and overly protective or parents who are uninvolved and disinterested??Being ridiculed or ignored when sharing thoughts or feelingsBeing physically abusedFeeling like they have to be the adult in the situation How Family Therapy Can Help Dysfunction If your family is experiencing dysfunction for any reason, seeking out family therapy may be a good option. Family therapy has been shown to be extremely effective in learning new ways to communicate, solving problems between family members and becoming sources of support and strength for each other.??

ESL Beginner Dialogue Comparing the City and the Country

In English, the comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb that involves a comparison between greater or lesser, more or less. The comparative form changes depending on the adjective you use, but almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add  -er  to the  base  to form the comparative. Its important to learn a wide range of adjectives for the sake of description. A good way to practice this is by comparing the city and the country in a conversation. To describe physical locations as well as the character of the people and places, youll need to use the comparative form. Use the sample dialogue below to describe the city and the country. Then have your own conversations with others in your class. The City and the Country David: How do you like living in a big city? Maria: I like it so much more than living in the country. There are many things that make it better. David: Oh, really? Can you give me some examples? Maria:  Well, it certainly is more interesting out in the city than it is in the country. There is so much more to do and see! David: Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country. Maria: Thats true. People in the city arent as open and friendly as those in the countryside, and the streets arent as safe. David: Im sure that the country is more relaxed, too! Maria: Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country feels much slower than the city. David: I think thats a good thing! Maria: Oh, I dont. The country is so boring! Being in the country is much more boring than being in the city. David: How about the cost of living? Is the country cheaper than the city? Maria: Oh, yes. Living in the city is more expensive than in the country. David: Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city. Maria: Yes, its cleaner and less dangerous in the country. But, the city is so much more exciting. Its faster, crazier and more fun. David: I think you are crazy for moving to the city. Maria: Well, Im young now. Maybe when Im married and have children Ill move back to the country. More Dialogue Practice - Includes level and target structures/language functions for each dialogue.

How Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are Influenced by the...

How Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are Influenced by the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare In Shakespeare’s time witches were believed to have many powers. They were believed to talk to the devil, the dead and evil spirits. They were believed to predict the future (act 1. Scene 1 – ‘When shall we three meet again in thunder lightning or in rain?’) and change the weather. People thought they could fly throuhg air and make themselves invisible at will. People also thought they could kill or make them fall ill at a distance. Many witches were killed in Scotland between 1590 and 1680, more than 4400 women were executed. Most were accused of worshipping the devil in a church at night, flying†¦show more content†¦When macbeth meets the Witches he is fascinated by them and blinded by his ambition, they tell him he will be Thane of Cowdor and the King of Scotland. In Act 1 Scene 3 Macbeth wants to believe the witches (‘look how our partner’s wrapt’) this is because the witches are telling Macbeth things he likes to hear, that he will become the king of Scotland while Banquo is more suspicious (‘Things that do sound so fair’) because he knows that the witches are evil and he thinks they are saying evil, untrue things. Macbeths then wants to question them but the witches vanish, Macbeth remains fixed and amazed and his ambition makes him believe what the witches say. Macbeth then writes a letter to Lady macbeth telling her what happened, From the moment Lady Macbeth receives the letter from Macbeth she begins to plan the murder of king Duncan. She paints Macbeth as a weak man (act 1 scene 5 ‘’too full o’ the milk of human kindness’) and she resolves to persuade Macbeth to do it and asks for the strength from the devil, and the evil to commit the murder (act 1 scene 5 ‘come thee spirits’). We see that Macbeth is powefully influenced by the evil in his speeches, in act 1 scene 7 when he is thinking out loud in his monologue. We will proceed no further in this business represents a triumph of conscience. He has talked himself away fromShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Literary Essay : Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair1297 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Literary Essay: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the characters are often mislead by the impression of reality. The quote â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (Shakespeare 1.1.12), is said by the three witches. This quote is very significant, as it is an elaborate theme throughout the play. Also, the word fair means good, and foul means evil. Fair is foul and foul is fair is a theme that demonstrates how appearances often differs from reality. ThisRead MoreImportance Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1519 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Throughout all of history, witches are known for practicing magic and creating prophecies to predict any future. In any scene involving witches, it is important to know their role in the play, whether they change the outcome of the play or simply influenced it, and the supernatural features the play comes along with in its time. In No Fear Shakespeare Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the play starts out with the three witchesRead MoreThe Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare In this essay I am going to explore the use of the supernatural in the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare. This is going to be done by showing how much power the supernatural elements had and how it influenced peoples mind. 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The most common themes that were introduced to the audience tend to be femininity versus masculinity, pride and honor, the role of supernatural, temptation and evil and a lotRead MoreThe Downside of Ambition Explored in Macbeth 1245 Words   |  5 Pages Macbeth is a play written by Shakespeare that is set in eleventh century Scotland. It details the life of the Macbeth, a brave and noble man who is described as ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’ (1.3.54), specifically the events after he meets three supernatural creatures who tell him about his fate. The reader should see Macbeth as a great man whose ambition for security leads to his downfall. Ambitions and manipulation from his wife cause him to commit Duncan’s murder, but this particular murder does notRead MoreMacbeth (Witches Effect) Essays1124 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: How important are the witches to Macbeth? Discuss the effects of the witches on character, plot, themes and audience. In the play of ‘Macbeth by William Shakespeare the witches have an important effect on Macbeth, the characters, the plot, the theme and the audience. They help construct the play and without them it would have been a totally different story line. The three weird sisters influence Macbeth in his acts, they effect characters lives, orientate the plot, they are related toRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies received

Zara and HM Free Essays

string(27) " we will have a recession\." We have been given an assignment, where we have been divided into groups. In our group we have analyzed two companies, namely Zara and Hamp;M. These two companies are both very big companies within clothing. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara and HM or any similar topic only for you Order Now The fashion business is very tough, and we will explain to you what we believe the two companies does well in this hard business, and why this is good. We have been giving time to solve the assignment in some of our classes with Gitte and Peter, the rest we have made at home. After we have analyzed the two companies we will compare their 4 P’s and their value chain, likewise we also will make a five forces analysis. Z A R A * Company profile – Zara Zara is a very big clothing chain from Spain. The chain was founded in 1975 by Mr. Ortega, and it now has more than 1. 000 stores in approximately 63 countries – so it is a very big chain. However Zara has its biggest market in Spain, where they have 364 stores in total. They sell fashion clothes of a fairly good quality to reasonable prices – this also means that they have a broad target group, which we believe to be from kids to adults younger than 50, both men and women.Over the years Zara has expanded their product line heavily, so now they also sell accessories, cosmetics, furniture and perfumes. They have made a whole new store called Zara Home where they are selling furniture’s; we will however focus on their clothing. The founder of Zara is naturally very wealthy, in fact he is the richest man in Spain, and the second richest within the business of fashion. Also Zara’s stores are very big, most of them are between 800 and 1. 000 square meters – which makes room for a lot of fashion clothing.Inditex, the mother company of Zara has many stores under them, but it is worth mentioning that Zara stands for 77 % of Inditex’ overall sales, which is very impressive, and their plan for the future is to continue expanding and growing bigger and bigger. Zara clothing is sold worldwide, and not long ago the first store opened on Stroget in Copenhagen. * Generic strategies Generic strategies is a marketing tool invented by Michael Porter. It is very popular and many companies use it. The generic strategy tells about the product(s) and its target group(s). Beneath you will see the generic strategies model. Low cost| Unique product / high cost| Broad target group| Overall cost leadership| Differentiation| Narrow target group| Niche – Cost focus| Niche – Differentiation focus| As seen above we believe that Zara uses the overall cost leadership strategy. Zara’s target group is very broad but their prices are also fairly low, this is why they use the overall cost leadership strategy. To a certain extend you could also say that Zara uses the differentiation strategy. This is because they have very beautiful products which are a bit more expensive than their closest competitors. But also because they have so many different products – they have everything from clothes to furniture’s. But mainly we are certain that they use the overall cost leadership strategy. * Growth strategies Ansoffs growth strategy is a well known toll within marketing. The strategy is used by marketers who have objectives for growth, and Ansoffs matrix offers different strategic choices to achieve the goals. The model is shown below this text: | Old product| New product| Old target group| Market penetration| Product development| New target group| Market development| Diversification|We believe that Zara uses two growth strategies, and we will know explain why. The two strategies that Zara in our opinion uses is, market penetration and product development. If we have focus on their clothing line we believe that they have penetrated the market very much, naturally because they use the same products, clothing, and also because they aim for their existing target group. If your growth strategy is market penetration it would be obvious choice to promote your products, but that is not what Zara is doing.They are relaying on good store locations and loyal customers who will talk in nice words about Zara to their friends and family. As mentioned we also believe that Zara uses another strategy, namely product development. We base this on the fact that they have expanded their product line. Now they don’t just sell clothing, now customers also have the opportunity to buy accessories, cosmetics and furniture in Zara stores. Even though Zara is introducing new products, they still relay on their existing target group. Inditex has expanded very heavily, and to put this in perspective we have some facts that show this. In 1995 they had 500 stores worldwide, and in 2004, nine years later they had 2. 250 stores. * PEST analysis The PEST analysis is a marketing tool in the macro environment who tells about the political, environmental, socio- cultural and technological forces that may have an influence on your company. These are uncontrollable forces which we do not have any influence on. Also, it is vital that a company considers its situation before beginning the marketing process. Political factors: Zara has stores in a lot of countries; therefore it is hard to get a good view over the political factors.But if we focus on some countries we know it is easier. In Denmark we don’t see any political obstacles for Zara – we have a stable political environment, and the only thing we see as a â€Å"threat† for Zara is new tax-laws, that could influence our buying possibilities, but on the other hand it could also go the other way around. One important global thing that could affect Zara could be new laws regarding the cheap â€Å"work power† in the east. New laws regarding this area could end up raising their costs. Economic factors: We are right now in the middle of a global financial crisis, and many fear that we will have a recession. You read "Zara and HM" in category "Papers"This will of course influence Zara. If the recession comes, customers of Zara will have less money to spend on their products then they used to. This can be very crucial for Zara, because we might fear that their customers will tend to buy products from their greatest competitor, namely Hamp;M. Hennes amp; Mauritz products are a bit cheaper then Zara’s, and therefore we fear for Zara that they would lose customers during a recession. Socio- cultural factors: Some people are against the fact that big companies use cheap production in foreign countries, but in this situation Zara has an advantage over its competitors.They produce 80 % of their clothes in Europe which is a lot more than their closest competitors. This subject we will also talk about in the SWOT analysis. Teenagers are also spending a lot of money on clothes, and they often do this without influence from their parents. This creates â€Å"a golden group† for Zara who are willing to buy a lot of fashion clothes, so they can look nice. Technological factors: When we are in the clothing business technological factors does not have a very big influence compared to other businesses. But there are things that are relevant for Zara. Because of all the technology we have today, Zara also has new opportunities to get in touch with their customers. The internet is in this case a brilliant example. Zara can promote on the internet, and they also have a homepage where you can learn more about them, and check their products. * The value chain A value chain is a chain of different activities which aims at creating value for the end user, and leaving the company with a positive margin. The activities culminate in the total value delivered by an organization.The value chain is divided into primary and support activities. UpstreamDownstream Research amp; Development| Inbound logistics| Production (outsourcing)| Outbound logistics| Sales and marketing| Service (After market)| It’s very important for Zara to create as much value in the value chain as possible, because there is a tough competition within the market for relatively cheap, but still good quality clothes. Zara creates value in production. –Their production takes place in some of the countries with a low salary, which minimizes the production cost.But they also produce their products in Spain and Portugal, which we believe many customers will like. In outbound logistics we also believe that Zara creates a lot of value. This is the place where the products are sent to the stores – and at this point Zara creates very good and vital value. We know that Zara are very fast at getting their products sent out to the stores, likewise they also can call them back very easily compared to their competitors, and this of course creat es value for Zara. In the sales and marketing Zara does not gain much value.They don’t advertise for their products, and we believe that this would be a good idea, especially in the countries where Zara still needs to get its big â€Å"break trough†, instead Zara depends on good store location. We believe that they should give advertising a chance. * SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis is another strategic method within marketing. It is used to evaluate a company’s, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strength and weaknesses are internal factors, while opportunities and threats are external factors. We will start out with the strengths. One of their great strengths is their fast production.When their clothes are designed for the first time, it can be bought in their stores around the world only 2-5 weeks later. This means that they have a very fast production and if something goes wrong or doesn’t sell they can easily call the product back. At the same time they will also have new clothes with a great variety in the stores every second week. The fast production also gives a good control of your stock, which means that they â€Å"only† have 15-20 % unsold inventory each year and a good profit margin. In Hamp;M, Zara’s worst competitor, it takes 6-8 months before their designs are in the shops – therefore it is a great strength.Location of Zara stores is also one of their strengths. They are placed where a lot of people walk by, and therefore a lot of people see the store, and they will go in, and eventually end up buying something. Because of their production, they also have a good reputation among their customers. Most of Zara’s production takes plane in Spain and Portugal. This is a good thing because many people don’t like the thought of underpaid workers. When you buy products from Zara you have a lot of different things to choose of, which is also a strength – and the products you buy are of a high quality and a reasonable price.A weakness for Zara we definitely mean to be their homepage. It is very confusing, and it is not easy to browse around. When we looked at it, we were actually very disappointed, and we even got a little bit â€Å"frustrated† – because it is so confusing. We also think that despite their good quality and prices they are a bit unknown among the young generation in Scandinavia. Before this assignment we didn’t know too much about Zara. We believe that Hamp;M is more known then Zara in Scandinavia, and this is due to Zara’s lack of advertising.Right now we have a global financial crisis, which influences the customers buying possibilities. This also affects Zara’s customers, and they will think more carefully over the things they choose to buy. If the financial situation became more positive and we were facing a boom, Zara’s customers would have more money to spend on their products – therefore a boom is a possibility for Zara. Of course Zara has their competitors as a threat, especially Hamp;M and Gap. The business which they operate in is very competitive – therefore it is vital to â€Å"be on the marks† at all times. Zara also has some production in Asia. Therefore new political laws about salaries and â€Å"working hours† is a threat for Zara, which could end up making their production more expensive. * Price / quality grid The price/quality grid is a tool you can use to analyze a product and the company’s strategy with the given product. First it is worth mentioning that a product is anything that can be offered to a market for purchase or use, which might satisfy a want or need. A product consists of three levels, namely the core benefit, the tangible product and the augmented product. Beneath we have shown the model and we will explain which strategy we believe Zara uses. High price| Low price| High quality| Premium strategy| Good value strategy| Low quality| Overcharging strategy| Economy strategy| In our opinion Zara uses the good value strategy. This is of course because they have a high quality, but also a fairly low price. When buying clothes from Zara the customer at least get the same quality as if buying from Armani, but buying clothes from Zara also gives you a low price. This tells us that the customer gets more then he pays for, when talking about the actual product. Others would say that the brand and status other products give them is more important.But when using a good value strategy, the company will get a lot of satisfied customers. It is worth mentioning that Hennes amp; Mauritz in our opinion uses the same strategy, namely the good value strategy. Hennes amp; Mauritz * Company profile Hennes and Mauritz is a very big company, it was founded in Sweden, 1947. They started selling clothes to women and at that time their stores was called Hennes. –Later, in 1968, they founded a store that started selling clothes to men, and this store was called Mauritz, and Mauritz also started selling accessories.Later they changed the name to Hennes amp; Mauritz (Hamp;M), which is the store we know today, who sells their products to both men and women. Since Hamp;M was founded they have expanded heavily, and today you can find them in 24 different countries, with more than 1. 345 retailers worldwide. Hennes amp; Mauritz has their biggest market in Scandinavia; likewise their target group is very broad. –They sell clothes to small children but also to adults, both men and woman. * Generic strategies Porter’s generic strategies were made in the 1980’s, and since then it has been a very popular marketing tool.Today it is still very used among companies worldwide. | Low cost| Unique product| Broad target group| Overall cost leadership| Differentiation| Narrow target group| Niche – Cost focus| Niche – Differentiation focus| The generic strategy is used to find the company’s competitive advantage, so they will know what to focus on while they are maintaining their core competitive advantages. –Hamp;M has a very broad target group, and their products are also at a relatively low price. Therefore they use the strategy which is called overall cost leadership. They can sell their products at a low price because they produce them in countries such as China and other Asian countries. Hamp;M has used this strategy with great success. * Growth strategies Ansoffs growth strategies were first published in 1957. Today it is still used by many marketers who have objectives for growth. This model offers different choices of how to achieve your goals. | Old product| New product| Old target group| Market penetration| Product development| New target group| Market development| Diversification| Hamp;M operates uses the market penetration strategy, obviously.They have their existing products, mainly their clothes, which they sell to their existing target groups. They have a good brand within clothing which they are trying to make stronger and stronger. You could say that they over the years also have used market development. Because in the beginning they only sold clothes to women, but know they also sell clothes to men. This is why their strategy for many years has been market penetration. * PEST analysis Before a company begins its marketing process it would be wise to consider its environment. This can be done with a PEST analysis.Political forces: In Denmark we don’t believe that the political forces play any role, but in their production countries it can affect them. New laws about salary and working hours can make production more expensive, which won’t be good for Hamp;M. Economic forces: Not long ago we had a boom period in Denmark, therefore people had â€Å"more† money to spend on clothing for example. But now we are slightly heading towards a recession. But actually we don’t mean this has any negative influence on Hennes amp; Mauritz. People will still have the money to buy their products because they are cheap compared to others.So maybe they will even experience to get more customers, if the population does not feel that they so much money to spend on clothes. Socio- cultural forces: The trends are very important for Hamp;M. We believe that many girls like having clothing from Hamp;M. This we believe to be their biggest target group also. They have lots of different products which can be bought at a good price, and they feel comfortable wearing clothes from Hamp;M. Therefore it is important that Hamp;M keeps them self updated on new trends. A more negative factor could be the fact that some people are against cheap production in foreign countries.This will hurt their image among some people, because they have so much production in the east. Technological forces: On the technological forces Hamp;M is â€Å"up to date† in our opinion. They have cheap production, partly because of good technology. Also they have a very good homepage where you can see their collection, and also shop online. Furthermore you have the opportunity to read about the company and get the newsletter via their homepage. * The value chain UpstreamDownstream Research amp; Development| Inbound logistics| Production (outsourcing)| Outbound logistics| Sales and marketing| Service (After market)|Above we have shown the value chain. Earlier we have mentioned the purpose therefore we will now start with the analysis. When we look at their production we know that many of their products are produced in China. This makes production cheap and therefore also the products that are sold to the end users. This creates value for Hamp;M. Also they have 700 independent suppliers, primarily in Asia and Europe. Hennes amp; Mauritz only produce 30 percent of their own clothes, the other clothing they get from firms such as L. O. G. G. , which they have a permanent contract with. This way they don’t spend too much money at their own production, while having lots of independent suppliers. And due to all the suppliers they will naturally get a good price, because they order a huge amount each time, but also because the suppliers would like to have their products in Hamp;M stores. Hamp;M has a â€Å"top of mind status† when we think of cheap and fashionable clothing. And this is very valuable. Not many company’s has achieved to make the same brand and position as Hamp;M, therefore they gain great value in sales and marketing.Many big designers has designed clothes for Hamp;M such as Stella McCarthy and now also Madonna wants to design clothes for them. She wants to make a series of clothes for women called â€Å"M by Madonna†, which we believe could be a huge success. If Madonna designs clothe for Hamp;M it will be good promotion and great value. * SWOT analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| Good repetition Loyal customers Good quality Reasonable prices| Slow production Some think of Hamp;M as discount label Recall of products| Opportunities| Threats|Economy (recession, to a certain extant) Growth in the Asian retail sector| Rising salaries for the workersNew political laws regarding productionCompetitors – intense competition| The purpose of a SWOT analysis we have already mentioned. We believe that their strongest strength is their quality and brand compared to their prices. In Hamp;M you get something in return of your money. But as we see it they also have one very big weakness, especially compared to their strongest competitor, Zara. Hamp;M has a very slow production compared to Zara and it takes up to 8 months before the new designs are available in the stores.If something goes wrong it won’t be easy for them to call the products bac k, so at this point they have to improve. Regarding the economy we believe that they are well prepared for both a boom and a recession. If we experience a boom people will buy even more clothes then they usually do, and if we experience a recession they will maybe get some new customers. The biggest threat we believe to be new laws regarding their production, this would give them extra costs. Comparison * The 4 P’s The marketing mix, also known as the 4 P’s, is probably the most famous marketing term.The marketing mix is very simple, and it tells us something about the product, place, price and promotion. We can also say that the marketing mix is the company’s offer to its potential customers. We will start out with the most important P – the product. Product: As we know both Zara and Hamp;M primarily sells clothing. Their products are very similar; they both sell fashionable clothes, so at this point we don’t see any big differences. But Zara has expanded their product line. They have made new stores where it is possible for their customers to buy furnitures, so at this point we see a difference.Also Zara offers cosmetics to their customers. Price: At the price there is a little difference, but again these two companies are very similar. Hamp;M is a little bit cheaper then Zara and this is a result of their cheap production. Zara is also fairly cheap, but Hamp;M, their closest competitor is a bit cheaper. Place: We believe that we roughly can divide their markets into two in Europe. Zara has their biggest market in the Southern Europe, while we believe that Hamp;M has their biggest market in Northern Europe and Scandinavia.This is also naturally because of the firms â€Å"birthplaces†. Furthermore they both operate worldwide in hard competition with each other. They sell their products worldwide, and they both have good locations – especially Zara. Promotion: Zara is against promotion, so they do not advertise for themselves, instead they rely on good store locations and a good repetition among their customers. The case is different for Hamp;M, they advertise for their products, so that they can create attention upon their products. The 4 P’s have been a very good way at comparing these two companies.Overall we can conclude that they look alike each other a lot, and they are in a very hard competition against each other. They both have strong sides which they will use, both they also have weak sides which they can improve. But one thing is certain – the competition is very tough. * Porters 5 forces Five Forces Analysis helps the marketer to contrast a competitive environment. It has similarities with other tools for environmental audit, such as PEST analysis, but tends to focus on the single, stand alone, business or SBU (Strategic Business Unit) rather than a single product or range of products. Five forces analysis looks at five key areas namely the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Analysis for Zara and Hamp;M There will always be a thread of new comers on the market. In many cases these companies will not become a big threat, because there on the clothing market is such big competition, that they will be ousted within a relatively short period of time. The Power of buyers is if big buyers like Magasin choose how much they want from a certain company like e. . Bruuns Bazar. Then Magasin sets the standard, they can do this because of their good reputation, and because many costumers do their shopping in this mall every day. Therefore they got a big buying power. The threat of Substitute Products will always be there, for example the walkman was substituted be the MP3 player, and the horse-wagon was substituted by the car. There will always be a development, and companies must be sure to be updated at all times.Therefore it’s extremely important to use a big sum of money in the Research and Development Department because that’s the companies â€Å"future†. The suppliers also have a certain power. –They are the ones providing the company with the raw-materials, so that they can produce the products. * The value chain In the value chain we believe that Zara and Hamp;M gains value at different places. Zara creates value in their production because some of it takes place in â€Å"good production countries†, while some of it also takes lace in Spain and Portugal which also creates value. But at this point they are similar, because also Hamp;M creates value in the production chain. Most of their production takes place in foreign countries, and this makes their products cheap which will give them more customers. The place where there is a big difference is in the inbound logistics where Zara creates a lot of value, and Hamp;M does not. As we have mentioned earlier Zara can send their new designs quickly to their stores, and also call them back again.Hamp;M can also do this, naturally, but for them it takes much longer time. But then Hennes amp; Mauritz are good at creating value in Sales amp; Marketing, where Zara is not so good in our opinion. Hamp;M has huge stars like Madonna who wants to design clothes for them, this is very good promotion and it also creates a lot of attention. Zara, on the other hand doesn’t even promote their products – they are depending on good store locations as mentioned.[ 1 ]. http://www. marketingteacher. com/Lessons/lesson_fivefoces. htm How to cite Zara and HM, Papers

Language as a Cultural Indicator free essay sample

There are over 3,000 languages in the world. The major language groups are: Chinese| 950 million speakers| English| 550 million speakers| Hindi | 350 million speakers| Spanish| 330 million speakers| Portuguese| 180 million speakers| Language and Culture Language is a powerful expression of culture and is closely associated with identity. * Language is a means of uniting people. * Language is also a means of controlling people. (Gaeilge) * Language is the principal cultural medium. The traditions and values of a cultural group are transmitted through its language. Case Study- English * The growth of the British Empire led to the spread of the English language to many parts of the world. * In many former colonies, English is the principal language spoken. This is the case in North America, Australia, many parts of Africa and of course, Ireland. * The growth of the USA as a world power in the 20th century increased the dominance of English. * The popularity of American and British film and television promotes English throughout the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Language as a Cultural Indicator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * English is the language of the internet, science and aviation. This establishes its importance on a worldwide level. English was and is the language of commerce, hence its popularity. English is now the working language of the EU. * The French feel threatened by the increasing dominance of the English language. The Academie Francaise monitors the use of French to prevent the use of â€Å"franglaise†. * English as it is spoken in Ireland is changing. This is evidence of the powerful influence of the media in promoting a new way of speaking English. * English language programmes and newspapers communicate culture as well as language. Television programmes like â€Å"Friends† promote modern values and trends. Due to digital television, internet links and the dominance of English, a global culture has emerged. Focus on Gaeilge Accorinding to the 2002 Cencus, 1. 57 million in the Republic of Ireland can speak Irish and 10. 4% of the people in Northern Ireland claim to have some knowledge of Irish. * Irish is a minority language in the State. It is the policy of the Irish government to support the language and extend its use. * The government is committed to reversing the decline in Irish as the principal means of communication in the Gaeltacht. * The government is committed to extending the use of Irish on the island of Ireland. To achieve this: * The Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs supports and works closely with other agencies particularly An Foras Teanga and Udaras na Gaeltachta, in pursuing its objectives. * Ciste na Gaeilge is a fund from which Irish-language organisations and various Irish initiatives are grant-aided. * The Official Languages Act was signed into law in 2003. The Act provides a statutory framework for the delivery of services through the Irish language. * The Placenames Branch researches the placenames of Ireland and provides authoritative Irish language forms of those placenames, like â€Å"An Daingean† for Dingle. Iomairt Cholm Cille is a project where the main objectives are the strengthening of links between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and Scotland, and the improvement of existing contacts between these communities. The Irish government promotes the importance of the Irish language in the cultural life of Ireland in the following ways: * It is compulsory to study Irish in schools. * All-Irish schools are supported by the government. * Local and national Irish language radio and TV stations have been set up. * Irish language colleges are generously subsidised by the government. Welsh As with Irish, Welsh is a minority language. The Welsh government is committed to extending its use in everyday life. * Welsh is spoken by a minority of people in Wales. * The percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales has declined steadily since the end of the 19th century, when 50% spoke the language. Policies for the revival of the Welsh language The Welsh Education Act places Welsh on equal footing with the English for the delivery of services through the Welsh language. * The Welsh Language Board is a statutory organisation, funded by public money. Its main function is to promote the use of the Welsh language. The board offers advice and resources to help service providers in Wales to give a natural choice of language to their customers. * Welsh is compulsory in schools for students between the ages of 5 and 16. All-Welsh primary schools are now attended by 25% of children. * Welsh television, radio, newspapers and books are encouraged through the allocation of funds from the government. * These policies have made the percentage of Welsh speakers in the 25-44 age group increase from 14. 4% in 1991 to 15. 1% in 2001. Typical exam question: Analyse the importance of language as a cultural indicator.